Table 1 Definitions and notation used in this study
| Ne | Effective population size per generation |
| Nb | Effective number of breeders in one time period |
 | An estimate of Nb or Ne based on genetic data |
 | An estimate of Nb adjusted to account for bias due to age structure |
| NT | Total number of individuals age 1 and older alive at any given time |
| NA | Total number of adults (individuals with age ≥α) alive at any given time |
| N1 | Total number of offspring produced per time period that survive to age 1 |
| x | Age (units can be days, weeks, months, or years) |
| sx | Probability of surviving from age x to age x + 1 |
| lx | Cumulative probability of surviving to age x ( with s0 = l1 = 1) |
| bx | Mean number of offspring in one time period produced by a parent of age x |
| ω | Maximum age |
| α | Age at maturity (first age with bx > 0)a |
| AL | Adult life span = ω – α + 1 |
| Gen | Generation length (mean age of parents of a newborn cohort) |
| CVf | Coefficient of variation of bx for adult life span (using only ages with bx > 0)b |
| HMean | Harmonic mean |
| SASS | Individuals of the same age and sex |
↵a This follows the definition used by Waples et al. (2013), who adopted a simple rule to deal with a large number of diverse data sets. When sufficient data are available, a more precise estimate would be age at which 50% are mature or weighted age at first maturity.
↵b When bx varied between sexes, CVf was computed over data for both sexes, after standardizing bx to values that produce a population of constant size.