TABLE 1

Summary of notation

 f, F Distribution of final gap δf K Carrying capacity L No. of loci p Distribution of phenotypic effects of new mutations q Distribution of fitness effects of new mutations R Transition density for distribution of initial gap ρ(δi) s Selection coefficient t Time u Mutation rate per locus v Speed of the optimum w Fitness z Phenotype zopt Optimal phenotype at a given time zmax Maximal value of zopt in some simulations α Phenotypic effect of mutation (step size) γ Composite parameter relating ecological and genetic factors (v/[σθ]) δ Phenotypic gap (z – zopt) δi “Initial” phenotypic gap before an adaptive step δf “Final” phenotypic gap before an adaptive step Θ Population and trait-wide mutation rate (2KLu) μ Mean effect of positive new mutations ρ Distribution of initial gap δi σ Strength of selection ϕ Distribution of phenotypic effects of adaptive substitutions χ Distribution of fitness effects of adaptive substitutions Ψ “Selective sieve” Ψs Static part of selective sieve Ψd Dynamic part of selective sieve ω Standard deviation of distribution of new mutations p(α)
• α and v are generally measured in units of ω, and σ is measured in units of 1/ω2. The unscaled counterparts are marked by a tilde (e.g., ).