TABLE 1

Notation used

 P, μ, Am, Av Phenotype, mean, breeding values for mean and environmental variance χ, MS Standard normal deviate, Mendelian sampling term , , , C Genetic variance in mean and environmental variance, genetic correlation between and , genetic variance–covariance matrix , Mean environmental and phenotypic variances , , Mean P, P2, and P3 of selected animals , , , n Mean phenotype of relatives, mean phenotype squared, mean squared phenotype of relatives, number of relatives , Within-family variance, log-transformed within-family variance , Additive genetic relationships between animal j and the group of relatives and between animals within the group of relatives a, x Vectors of breeding values and and of phenotypic information P, G, , Variance–covariance matrix of x, covariance matrix between x and a, vectors with , , L P- and G-matrices with , scalar matrix B, , Matrix with regression coefficients, vectors with i, x, p, z Selection intensity, truncation point, selected proportion, ordinate of standard normal distribution , , Response in and , accuracy of , , Heritability of mean and environmental variance, evolvability of environmental variance , , Environmental variance, breeding value for environmental variance, and genetic variance in environmental variance for the exponential genetic model