TABLE 3

Analysis of variance of headless behaviors

Trait	Effect^a	Mean square	F	P
Hindgrooming	Line	1.55	4.32	<0.0001
Grasping	Line	4.11	10.12	<0.0001
Righting	Line	7.37	5.23	<0.0001
Quivering	Line	0.31	1.66	0.1051
Overall activity	Line	9.34	6.36	<0.0001
	Vial(Line)	1.47	2.66	<0.0001
	Error	0.55
Post-nicotine activity	Line	4.45	1.96	0.0487
	Vial(Line)	2.27	2.35	<0.0001
	Error	0.97
Post-octopamine activity^b	Line	6.33	0.79	0.65
	Vial(Line)	8.08	5.81	<0.0001
	Error	1.39

↵^a Degrees of freedom: Line, 11; Vial(Line), 60; Error, 648. For the individual behaviors, vial effects are all highly significant (P < 0.0001).
↵^b Post-nicotine activity measured in same near-isofemale lines as for overall activity; post-octopamine activity measured on a different set of 12 isogenic lines.