TABLE 3

Mutation rate, effective population size, and coalescence time estimated from each of seven X-linked genes

LocusμaNebTmean (yr)cTmode (yr)c95% CI forT (yr)
Il2rg1.56 × 10-80536,000361,000169,000–1,265,000
Plp1.30 × 10-824,400864,000583,000274,000–1,997,000
Hprt1.94 × 10-86,500717,000536,000266,000–1,511,000
Gk1.28 × 10-84,900535,000378,000181,000–1,208,000
Ids5.20 × 10-90449,000314,000148,000–1,028,000
Pdha11.68 × 10-827,2001,019,000760,000367,000–2,137,000
Dmd1.70 × 10-836,7001,543,0001,253,000589,000–3,007,000
All loci1.44 × 10-814,600743,000655,000380,000–1,258,000
• Loci arranged in rank order by recombination rate, as in Table 2.

• a Mutation rate (μ) per nucleotide per generation was calculated from the Homo-Pan divergence data in Table 2, assuming a divergence time of 5 mya and a generation time of 20 yr.

• b Effective population size (Ne) was calculated from the neutral expectation for blinked genes, π = 3Neμ, and sex ratio of one.

• c c Two estimates of coalescence time (T), Tmeanand Tmode, calculated as in Fu and Li (1997), assuming Ne = 14,600 and μ = 1.44 × 10-8. Tmean = E(T|kmax), where kmax is the maximum number of nucleotide differences between two sequences in a sample. Tmode maximizes the posterior probability P(T|kmax).