11 Results
for author "Yun-Xin Fu"
- TABLE 1Fitnesses of individual genotypes in diploid populations
Figure 1.—Dynamic changes of the probability of preservation of duplicate genes by originalization (Pori) in infinite haploid vs. diploid populations, under complete linkage (r = 0) and μ = 10−5. Numerical results of Pori under the DNR selective model in a haploid population (HA) and under the DNR selective model in a diploid population (DI_DNR) share the solid curve, while the dashed curve shows numerical results under the HI selective model in a diploid population (DI_HI).
Figure 2.—Dynamic changes of the probability of preservation of duplicate genes by originalization (Pori) in infinite haploid vs. diploid populations, under free recombination (r = 0.5) and μ = 10−5. Numerical results of Pori in subplot A, B, and C are obtained under the DNR selective model in a haploid population, under the DNR selective model in a diploid population, and under the HI selective model in a diploid population, respectively.
Figure 3.—Dynamic changes of the probability of the CHDL being lost (Plost) with μ = 10−5. Numerical results in subplot A, B, and C are obtained under the DNR selective model in a haploid population, under the DNR selective model in a diploid population, and under the HI selective model in a diploid population, respectively. Blue and red curves are results for linked (r = 0) and unlinked (r = 0.5) gene duplications, respectively.
Figure 4.—Dynamic changes of the probabilities of nonfunctionalization at the ancestor (Pnon1) and newly duplicated (Pnon2) loci in infinite haploid vs. diploid populations under complete linkage (r = 0) and μ = 10−5. Numerical results in subplot A, B, and C are obtained under the DNR selective model in a haploid population, under the DNR selective model in a diploid population, and under the HI selective model in a diploid population, respectively. In each subplot, solid and dashed curves are of Pnon1 and Pnon2, but they are completely coincident.
Figure 5.—Dynamic changes of the probabilities of nonfunctionalization at the ancestor (Pnon1) and newly duplicated (Pnon2) loci in infinite haploid vs. diploid populations under free recombination (r = 0.5) and μ = 10−5. Numerical results in subplot A, B, and C are obtained under the DNR selective model in a haploid population, under the DNR selective model in a diploid population, and under the HI selective model in a diploid population, respectively. Red and blue curves are of Pnon1 and Pnon2, respectively.
Figure 6.—Simulation results of mean time to nonfunctionalization after segmental gene duplication in haploid vs. diploid populations with μ = 10−5. Solid and dashed curves are results for linked (r = 0) and unlinked (r = 0.5) gene duplication, respectively; asterisks, circles, and diamonds are results under the DNR selective model in haploid populations, under the DNR selective model in diploid populations, and under the HI selective model in diploid populations, respectively. When N > 40000 (or Nμ > 0.4), nonfunctionalization for unlinked gene duplication is difficult to reach under the HI selective model. Simulation repeats 2000 times.
Figure 7.—Simulation results of the lost times of the CHDL in haploid vs. diploid populations with μ = 10−5 before it is successfully fixed in the population. Asterisks and circles are simulation results for linked and unlinked gene duplication, respectively. Simulation results in subplot A are obtained under the DNR selective model in haploid populations with population sizes 2N; in subplot B simulation results are obtained in diploid populations under the DNR selective model with population sizes N; in subplot C results are obtained in diploid populations under the HI selective model with population sizes N. Simulation repeats 2000 times.
Figure 8.—Simulation results of the proportion of nonfunctionalization finally occurring at the ancestor locus (fnon1) after segmental gene duplication in haploid vs. diploid populations with μ = 10−5. Asterisks and circles are simulation results for linked and unlinked gene duplication, respectively. Simulation results in subplot A are obtained under the DNR selective model in haploid populations with population sizes 2N; in subplot B results are obtained in diploid populations under the DNR selective model with population sizes N; in subplot C results are obtained in diploid populations under the HI selective model with population sizes N. In subplot C, when N > 40000 (or Nμ > 0.4), under the HI selective model nonfunctionalization for unlinked gene duplication is difficult to reach because of much prolonged time to nonfunctionalization. Simulation repeats 2000 times.