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Previous ArticleNext Article

Polycomb and Trithorax Group Genes in Drosophila

Judith A. Kassis, James A. Kennison and John W. Tamkun
Genetics August 1, 2017 vol. 206 no. 4 1699-1725; https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.185116
Judith A. Kassis
Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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  • For correspondence: jk14p@nih.gov
James A. Kennison
Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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John W. Tamkun
Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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Abstract

Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) genes encode important regulators of development and differentiation in metazoans. These two groups of genes were discovered in Drosophila by their opposing effects on homeotic gene (Hox) expression. PcG genes collectively behave as genetic repressors of Hox genes, while the TrxG genes are necessary for HOX gene expression or function. Biochemical studies showed that many PcG proteins are present in two protein complexes, Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2, which repress transcription via chromatin modifications. TrxG proteins activate transcription via a variety of mechanisms. Here we summarize the large body of genetic and biochemical experiments in Drosophila on these two important groups of genes.

  • Drosophila
  • Polycomb
  • Trithorax
  • FlyBook
  • Received March 9, 2017.
  • Accepted May 15, 2017.
  • Copyright © 2017 by the Genetics Society of America
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PUBLICATION INFORMATION

Volume 206 Issue 4, August 2017

Genetics: 206 (4)

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Gene expression
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Polycomb and Trithorax Group Genes in Drosophila

Judith A. Kassis, James A. Kennison and John W. Tamkun
Genetics August 1, 2017 vol. 206 no. 4 1699-1725; https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.185116
Judith A. Kassis
Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: jk14p@nih.gov
James A. Kennison
Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
John W. Tamkun
Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
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Citation

Polycomb and Trithorax Group Genes in Drosophila

Judith A. Kassis, James A. Kennison and John W. Tamkun
Genetics August 1, 2017 vol. 206 no. 4 1699-1725; https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.185116
Judith A. Kassis
Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: jk14p@nih.gov
James A. Kennison
Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
John W. Tamkun
Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site

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  • Wingless Signaling: A Genetic Journey from Morphogenesis to Metastasis
  • RNA Interference (RNAi) Screening in Drosophila
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Gene Expression

  • Control of Maize Vegetative and Reproductive Development, Fertility, and rRNAs Silencing by HISTONE DEACETYLASE 108
  • A Damage Sensor Associated with the Cuticle Coordinates Three Core Environmental Stress Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans
  • Maize Dek37 Encodes a P-type PPR Protein That Affects cis-Splicing of Mitochondrial nad2 Intron 1 and Seed Development
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  • Top
  • Article
    • Abstract
    • History of PcG and TrxG
    • Genetic Screens Used To Isolate PcG and TrxG Genes
    • PcG and TrxG Mutant Phenotypes
    • Developmental and Genetic Models for PcG and TrxG Functions
    • Mechanism of Action of PcG and TrxG Proteins
    • Many PcG Proteins Function in Complexes
    • An Early Model of PcG Protein Recruitment
    • PRC1
    • PRC2
    • Is Scm a Link Between PRC1 and PRC2?
    • Other PcG Proteins and Complexes
    • PREs
    • What Constitutes Epigenetic Memory of the Repressed State?
    • Mechanisms of Action of TrxG Proteins
    • TrxG Proteins That Covalently Modify Nucleosomes
    • TrxG Proteins Involved in ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling
    • TrxG Proteins That Activate Transcription via Other Mechanisms
    • Are TrxG Proteins PcG Antirepressors or Global Activators of Transcription?
    • Perspectives
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • Literature Cited
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics

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The Genetics Society of America (GSA), founded in 1931, is the professional membership organization for scientific researchers and educators in the field of genetics. Our members work to advance knowledge in the basic mechanisms of inheritance, from the molecular to the population level.

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