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doi:10.1534/genetics.107.075598
A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2007.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Evidence for different origins of sex chromosomes in closely related Oryzias fishes: Substitution of the master sex-determining gene
Keita Tanaka 1*, Yusuke Takehana 1, Kiyoshi Naruse 2, Satoshi Hamaguchi 1 and Mitsuru Sakaizumi 1
1 Niigata University
2 National Institute for Basic Biology
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tanaka{at}shizenkagakukan.jp.
Submitted on May 10, 2007
Revised on June 5, 2007
Accepted on 17 September 2007
The medaka, Oryzias latipes, and its two sister species, O. curvinotus and O. luzonensis, possess an XX-XY sex-determination system. Medaka sex-determining gene, DMY, has been identified on the orthologous Y chromosome (O. latipes Linkage Group 1; LG1) of O. curvinotus. However, DMY has not been discovered in other Oryzias species. These results and molecular phylogeny suggest that DMY was generated recently (approximately 10 million years ago) by gene duplication of DMRT1 in a common ancestor of O. latipes and O. curvinotus. We identified seven sex-linked markers from O. luzonensis (sister species of O. curvinotus) and constructed a sex-linkage map. Surprisingly, all seven sex-linked markers were located on an autosomal linkage group (LG12) of O. latipes. As suggested by the phylogenetic tree, the sex chromosomes of O. luzonensis should be "younger" than those of O. latipes. In the lineage leading to O. luzonensis after separation from O. curvinotus approximately 5 million years ago, a novel sex-determining gene may have arisen and substituted for DMY. Oryzias species should provide a useful model for evolution of the master sex-determining gene and differentiation of sex chromosomes from autosomes.
Key Words: DMY, Oryzias, sex determination, sex-chromosome evolution
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