Phosphorylation of the Sic1 inhibitor of B-type cyclins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not essential but contributes to cell cycle robustness

In budding yeast, B-type cyclin (Clb) dependent kinase activity is essential for S phase and mitosis. In newborn G1 cells, Clb kinase accumulation is blocked, in part because of the Sic1 stoichiometric inhibitor. Previous results strongly suggested that G1 cyclin-dependent Sic1 phosphorylation, and its consequent degradation, is essential for S phase. However, cells containing a precise endogenous gene replacement of SIC1 with SIC1-0P (all 9 phosphorylation sites mutated) were fully viable. Unphosphorylatable Sic1 was abundant and nuclear throughout the cell cycle, and effectively inhibited Clb kinase in vitro. SIC1-0P cells had a lengthened G1 and increased G1 cyclin transcriptional activation, and variable delays in the budded part of the cell cycle. SIC1-0P was lethal when combined with deletion of CLB2, CLB3 or CLB5, the major B-type cyclins. Sic1 phosphorylation provides a sharp link between G1 cyclin activation and Clb kinase activation, but failure of Sic1 phosphorylation and proteolysis imposes a variable cell cycle delay and extreme sensitivity to B-type cyclin dosage, rather than a lethal cell cycle block.

Key Words: cdk inhibitor, cell cycle, cyclin, degradation, phosphorylation

Online ISSN: 1943-2361  Print ISSN: 0016-6731
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