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doi:10.1534/genetics.106.069690
A more recent version of this article appeared on June 1, 2007.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Ancestry influences the fate of duplicated genes millions of years after polyploidization of clawed frogs (Xenopus)
Ben J. Evans 1*
1 McMaster University
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: evansb{at}mcmaster.ca.
Submitted on December 14, 2006
Revised on February 26, 2007
Accepted on 10 April 2007
Allopolyploid species form through the fusion of two differentiated genomes and, in the earliest stages of their evolution, essentially all genes in the nucleus are duplicated. Because unique mutations occur in each ancestor prior to allopolyploidization, duplicate genes in these species potentially are not interchangeable, and this could influence their genetic fates. This study explores evolution and expression of a simple duplicated complex - a heterodimer between RAG1 and RAG2 in clawed frogs (Xenopus). Results demonstrate that copies of RAG1 degenerated in different polyploid species in a phylogenetically-biased fashion, predominately in one lineage of closely-related paralogs. Surprisingly, as a result of an early deletion of one RAG2 paralog, it appears that in many species RAG1/RAG2 heterodimers are composed of proteins that were encoded by unlinked paralogs. If the tetraploid ancestor of extant species of Xenopus arose through allopolyploidization and if recombination between paralogs was rare, then the genes that encode functional RAG1 and RAG2 proteins in many polyploid species were each ultimately inherited from different diploid progenitors. This observation is consistent with the notion that ancestry can influence the fate of duplicate genes millions of years after duplication, and it uncovers a dimension of natural selection in allopolyploid genomes that is distinct from other genetic phenomena associated with polyploidization or segmental duplication.
Key Words: dosage, heterosis, protein-protein interaction, pseudogene
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  M. Semon and K. H. Wolfe Preferential subfunctionalization of slow-evolving genes after allopolyploidization in Xenopus laevis PNAS, June 17, 2008; 105(24): 8333 - 8338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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