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doi:10.1534/genetics.106.069419
A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2007.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Reduced X-linked diversity in derived populations of house mice
John F. Baines 1 and Bettina Harr 2*
1 University of Munich
2 Universitaet Koeln
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: harrb{at}uni-koeln.de.
Submitted on December 8, 2006
Revised on January 21, 2007
Accepted on 21 January 2007
Contrasting patterns of X-linked versus autosomal diversity may be indicative of the mode of selection operating in natural populations. A number of observations have shown reduced X-linked (or Z-linked) diversity relative to autosomal diversity in various organisms, suggesting a large impact of genetic hitchhiking. However, the relative contribution of other forces such as population bottlenecks, variation in reproductive success of the two sexes and differential introgression remains unclear. Here, we survey 13 loci, 6 X-linked and 7 autosomal, in natural populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus) subspecies complex. We studied seven populations of three different subspecies, the eastern house mouse Mus musculus castaneus, the central house mouse M. m. musculus and the western house mouse M. m. domesticus, including putatively ancestral and derived populations for each. All populations display lower diversity on the X chromosomes relative to autosomes, and this effect is most pronounced in derived populations. To assess the role of demography, we fit the demographic parameters that gave the highest likelihood of the data using coalescent simulations. We find that the reduction in X-linked diversity is too large to be explained by simple a demographic model in at least two out of four derived populations. These observations are also not likely to be explained by differences in reproductive success between males and females. They are consistent with a greater impact of positive selection on the X chromosome, and this is supported by the observation of an elevated Ka and Ka/Ks ratios on the rodent X chromosome. A second contribution may be that the X chromosome less readily introgresses across subspecies boundaries.
Key Words: demography, house mouse, positive selection, speciation
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