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doi:10.1534/genetics.106.061978
A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2006.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Melanotic mutants in Drosophila: pathways and phenotypes
Svetlana Minakhina 1 and Ruth Steward 1*
1 Rutgers University
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: steward{at}waksman.rutgers.edu.
Submitted on June 13, 2006
Revised on June 26, 2006
Accepted on 26 June 2006
Mutations in more than 30 genes that regulate different pathways and developmental processes are reported to cause a melanotic phenotype in larvae. The observed melanotic masses were generally linked to the hemocyte-mediated immune response. To investigate if all black masses are associated with the cellular immune response, we characterized melanotic masses from mutants in 14 genes. We find that the melanotic masses can be subdivided into melanotic nodules engaging the hemocyte-mediated encapsulation, and into melanizations that are not encapsulated by hemocytes. With rare exception the encapsulation is carried out by lamellocytes. Encapsulated nodules are found in the hemocoel or in association with the lymph gland, while melanizations are located in the gut, salivary gland, and tracheae. In cactus mutants we found an additional kind of melanized mass containing various tissues. The development of these tissue agglomerates is dependent on the function of the dorsal gene. Our results show that the phenotype of each mutant not only reflects its connection to a particular genetic pathway but also points to the tissue specific role of the individual gene.
Key Words: Drosophila hemocytes, Melanotic masses, Toll-pathway, cactus
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