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doi:10.1534/genetics.106.060889
A more recent version of this article appeared on October 1, 2006.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Repair of DNA damage induced by bile salts in Salmonella enterica
Ana I. Prieto 1, Francisco Ramos-Morales 1 and Josep Casadesus 1*
1 Universidad de Sevilla
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: casadesus{at}us.es.
Submitted on May 16, 2006
Revised on June 30, 2006
Accepted on 21 July 2006
Exposure of Salmonella enterica to sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium chenodeoxycholate, sodium glychocholate, sodium taurocholate or sodium glycochenodeoxycholate induces the SOS response, indicating that the DNA-damaging activity of bile resides in bile salts. Bile increases the frequency of GC 
AT transitions and induces the expression of genes belonging to the OxyR and SoxRS regulons, suggesting that bile salts may cause oxidative DNA damage. S. enterica mutants lacking both exonuclease III (XthA) and endonuclease IV (Nfo) are bile-sensitive, indicating that S. enterica requires base excision repair (BER) to overcome DNA damage caused by bile salts. Bile resistance also requires DinB polymerase, indicating the need of SOS-associated translesion DNA synthesis. Certain recombination functions are also required for bile resistance, and a key factor is the RecBCD enzyme. The extreme bile sensitivity of RecB-, RecC-, and RecA-, RecD-, mutants provides evidence that bile-induced damage may impair DNA replication.
Key Words: SOS response, base excision repair, bile salts, recombination
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