Genetics. Published Articles Ahead of Print: October 8, 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.060756


A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2006.

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Types and Rates of Sequence Evolution at HMW-glutenin locus in Hexaploid Wheat and Its Ancestral Genomes

Yong Qiang Gu 1*, Jérôme Salse 2, Devin Coleman-Derr 1, Adeline Dupin 2, Curt Crossman 3, Gerard Lazo 3, Naxin Huo 3, Harry Belcram 2, Catherine Ravel 4, Gilles Charmet 4, Mathieu Charles 2, Olin Anderson 3 and Boulos Chalhoub 2

1 USDA-ARS, WRRC, GGD
2 URGV-INRA
3 USDA-ARS, WRRC, GDD
4 UMR INRA-UBP ASP

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ygu{at}pw.usda.gov.

Submitted on May 15, 2006
Revised on June 19, 2006
Accepted on 29 August 2006


Abstract

The Glu-1 locus, encoding the High Molecular Weight-glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to Triticeae genomes. To understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous Glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. Comparing each Glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the D genome of diploid wheat, Aegilop tauschii, and A and B genomes of tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum, revealed that in addition to the conservation of microsynteny in the genic regions, sequences in the intergenic regions, composed of blocks of nested retroelements, are also generally conserved, although a few non-shared retroelements that differentiate the homologous Glu-1 regions were detected in each pair of the A and D genomes. Analysis of the indel frequency and the rate of nucleotide substitution, which represent the most frequent types of sequence changes in the Glu-1 regions, demonstrated that the two A genomes are significantly more divergent than the two B genomes, further supporting the hypothesis that hexaploid wheat may have more than one tetraploid ancestor.

Key Words: Genome evolution, HMW-glutenin, Indels, Nucleotide substitutions, Polyploid wheat




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