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doi:10.1534/genetics.106.058693
A more recent version of this article appeared on October 1, 2006.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
History and Structure of Sub-Saharan Populations of Drosophila melanogaster
John E Pool 1* and Charles F Aquadro 1
1 Cornell University
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jep36{at}cornell.edu.
Submitted on March 29, 2006
Revised on July 2, 2006
Accepted on 10 August 2006
Drosophila melanogaster is an important model organism in evolutionary genetics, yet little is known about the population structure and demographic history of this species within sub-Saharan Africa, which is thought to contain its ancestral range. We surveyed nucleotide variation at four 1-kilobase fragments in 240 individual lines representing 21 sub-Saharan and 4 palearctic population samples of D. melanogaster. In agreement with recent studies, we find a small but significant level of genetic differentiation within sub-Saharan Africa. A clear geographic pattern is observed, with eastern and western African populations composing two genetically distinct groups. This pattern may have resulted from a relatively recent establishment of D. melanogaster in western Africa. Eastern populations show greater evidence for long-term stability, consistent with the hypothesis that eastern Africa contains the ancestral range of the species. Three sub-Saharan populations show evidence for cosmopolitan introgression. Apart from those cases, the closest relationships between palearctic and sub-Saharan populations involve a sample from the rift zone (Uganda), suggesting that the progenitors of palearctic D. melanogaster might have come from this region. Finally, we find a large excess of singleton polymorphisms in the full data set, which is best explained by a combination of population growth and purifying selection.
Key Words: African populations, Drosophila melanogaster, demographic history, genetic structure
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