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doi:10.1534/genetics.106.058263
A more recent version of this article appeared on August 1, 2006.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Natural history of transposition in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Use of the AMT4 locus as an experimental system
Kwang-Seo Kim 1, Sydney Kustu 1 and William Inwood 1*
1 University of California, Berkeley
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wbinwood{at}nature.berkeley.edu.
Submitted on March 15, 2006
Revised on April 19, 2006
Accepted on 10 May 2006
The AMT4 locus of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which we mapped to the long arm of chromosome 8, provides a good experimental system for the study of transposition. Most mutations that confer resistance to the toxic ammonium analogue methylammonium are in AMT4 and a high proportion of spontaneous mutations are caused by transposon-related events. Among the 15 such events we have characterized at the molecular level, nine were associated with insertions of the retrotransposon TOC1, two with a small Gulliver-related transposon, and one with the Tcr1 transposon. We found that Tcr1 is apparently a foldback transposon with terminal inverted repeats that are much longer and more complex than previously realized. A duplication of Tcr1 yielded a configuration thought to be important for chromosomal evolution. Other mutations in AMT4 were caused by two mobile elements that have not been described before. The sequence of one, which we propose to call the Bill element, indicates that it probably transposes by way of a DNA intermediate and requires functions it does not encode. The sequence of the other and bioinformatic analysis indicate that it derives from a miniature retrotransposon or TRIM, which we propose to call MRC1 (miniature retrotransposon of Chlamydomonas).
Key Words: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, genome evolution, green algae, retrotransposon, transposon
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