Genetics. Published Articles Ahead of Print: February 1, 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.048330


A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2006.


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A linkage map for brown trout (Salmo trutta): chromosome homeologies and comparative genome organization with other salmonid fish

1 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph
2 Laboratoire de Génétique des Poissons, INRA
3 Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
4 Department of Morphology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science
5 Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling
6 Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland at Galway
7 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kgharbi{at}uoguelph.ca.

Submitted on July 14, 2005
Revised on October 5, 2005
Accepted on 24 January 2006


Abstract

We report on the construction of a linkage map for brown trout (Salmo trutta) and its comparison with those of other tetraploid-derivative fish in the family Salmonidae, including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Overall, we identified 37 linkage groups (2n = 80) from the analysis of 288 microsatellite polymorphisms, 13 allozyme markers, and phenotypic sex in four backcross families. Additionally, we used gene-centromere analysis to approximate the position of the centromere for 20 linkage groups and thus relate linkage arrangements to the physical morphology of chromosomes. Sex-specific maps derived from multiple parents were estimated to cover 346.4 and 912.5 cM of the male and female genomes, respectively. As previously observed in other salmonids, recombination rates showed large sex differences (average female-to-male ratio = 6.4), with male crossovers generally localized toward the distal end of linkage groups. Putative homeologous regions inherited from the salmonid tetraploid ancestor were identified for 10 pairs of linkage groups, including five chromosomes showing evidence of residual tetrasomy (pseudolinkage). Map alignments with orthologous regions in Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, and Arctic char also revealed extensive conservation of syntenic blocks across species, which was generally consistent with chromosome divergence through Robertsonian translocations.

Key Words: linkage map, microsatellites, polyploidy, pseudolinkage, salmonids




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