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doi:10.1534/genetics.105.047985
A more recent version of this article appeared on May 1, 2006.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Chromosome inversions, local adaptation, and speciation
Mark Kirkpatrick 1* and Nicholas H Barton 2
1 University of Texas
2 University of Edinburgh
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kirkp{at}mail.utexas.edu.
Submitted on July 8, 2005
Revised on August 10, 2005
Accepted on 26 September 2005
We study the evolution of inversions that capture locally-adapted alleles when two populations are exchanging migrants or hybridizing. By suppressing recombination between the loci, a new inversion can spread. Neither drift nor coadaptation between the alleles (epistasis) is needed, so this local adaptation mechanism may apply to a broader range of genetic and demographic situations than alternative hypotheses that have been widely discussed. The mechanism can explain many features observed in inversion systems. It will drive an inversion to high frequency if there is no countervailing force, which could explain fixed differences observed between populations and species. An inversion can be stabilized at an intermediate frequency if it also happens to capture one or more deleterious recessive mutations, which could explain polymorphisms that are common in some species. This polymorphism can cycle in frequency with the changing selective advantage of the locally-favored alleles. The mechanism can establish underdominant inversions that decrease heterokaryotype fitness by several percent if the cause of fitness loss is structural, while if the cause is genic there is no limit to the strength of underdominance that can result. The mechanism is expected to cause loci responsible for adaptive species-specific differences to map to inversions, as seen in recent QTL studies. We discuss data that support the hypothesis, review other mechanisms for inversion evolution, and suggest possible tests.
Key Words: chromosome rearrangements, karyotype evolution, migration, postzygotic isolation, underdominance
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