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doi:10.1534/genetics.105.047522
A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2006.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Clinal variation in phyB2, a candidate gene for day-length induced growth cessation and bud set, across a latitudinal gradient in European aspen (Populus tremula)
Pär K Ingvarsson 1*, Victoria Garcia 1, David Hall 1, Virginia Luquez 1 and Stefan Jansson 1
1 University of Umeå
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pelle{at}eg.umu.se.
Submitted on June 30, 2005
Revised on August 31, 2005
Accepted on 25 November 2005
The initiation of growth cessation and dormancy represents a critical ecological and evolutionary tradeoff between survival and growth in most forest trees. The most important environmental cue regulating the initiation of dormancy is a shortening of the photoperiod and phytochrome genes have been implicated in short-day induced bud set and growth cessation in Populus. We characterized patterns of DNA sequence variation at the putative candidate gene phyB2 in four populations of European aspen (Populus tremula) and scored single nucleotide polymorphisms in an additional twelve populations collected along a latitudinal gradient in Sweden. We also measured bud set from a subset of these trees in a growth chamber experiment. Buds set showed significant clinal variation with latitude explaining approximately 90% of the population variation in bud set. A sliding window scan of phyB2 identified six putative regions with enhanced population differentiation and four SNPs showed significant clinal variation. The clinal variation at individual SNPs is suggestive of an adaptive response in phyB2 to local photoperiodic conditions. Three of four SNPs showing clinal variation were located in a regions with excessive genetic differentiation, demonstrating that searching for regions of high genetic differentiation can be useful for identifying sites putatively involved in local adaptation.
Key Words: growth cessation, linkage disequilibrium, nucleotide polymorphism, phytochrome, popuation differentiation
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