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doi:10.1534/genetics.105.046342
A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2005.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
An ancient mitochondrial polymorphism linked to a sex ratio distorting bacterium
Francis M Jiggins 1* and Mathew C Tinsley 1
1 University of Edinburgh
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: francis.jiggins{at}ed.ac.uk.
Submitted on June 1, 2005
Revised on July 7, 2005
Accepted on 22 July 2005
Sex ratio distorting microbes are common parasites of arthropods. Although the reasons why they have invaded and spread though populations are well understood, their subsequent dynamics within those populations are virtually unknown. We have found that different strains of a male-killing Rickettsia bacterium infecting the beetle Adalia bipunctata are associated with distinct mitochondrial haplotypes, which is expected as both the mitochondria and the bacteria are maternally transmitted. These mitochondrial haplotypes shared a common ancestor over two million years ago, and their overall diversity is significantly greater than expected under neutrality from comparisons with a nuclear gene. Furthermore, a variety of statistical tests show strong deviations from neutrality in mitochondrial but not nuclear genes. We therefore conclude that that natural selection is probably maintaining a polymorphism of different Rickettsia strains in this species. Despite the age of the different mitochondrial haplotypes, there is very little genetic diversity within them. Furthermore, there is considerable variation in mitochondrial haplotype and bacterial strain frequency between populations, despite it being thought that this species has fairly low levels of population structure. We conclude that the fitness of these male-killers may be negatively frequency dependent or different strains may be favoured in different populations. These hypotheses await experimental confirmation.
Key Words: Adalia bipunctata, Balancing Selection, Male-killing, Rickettsia, Sex ratio distorters
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