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doi:10.1534/genetics.105.045245
A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2005.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Genetic Evidence that Drosophila Frizzled Controls Planar Cell Polarity and Armadillo Signaling by a Common Mechanism
Michael Povelones 1, Rob Howes 1, Matt Fish 1 and Roel Nusse 1*
1 Stanford University
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rnusse{at}stanford.edu.
Submitted on May 5, 2005
Revised on June 8, 2005
Accepted on 15 June 2005
The frizzled (fz) gene in Drosophila controls two distinct signaling pathways: it directs the planar cell polarization (PCP) of epithelia; and it regulates cell fate decisions through Armadillo (Arm) by acting as a receptor for the Wnt protein Wingless (Wg). With the exception of dishevelled (dsh), the genes functioning in these two pathways are distinct. We have taken a genetic approach, based on a series of new and existing fz alleles, to identify individual amino acids required for PCP or Arm signaling. For each allele, we have attempted to quantify the strength of signaling by phenotypic measurements. For PCP signaling, the defect was measured by counting the number of cells secreting multiple hairs in the wing. We then examined each allele for its ability to participate in Arm signaling by the rescue of fz mutant embryos with maternally provided fz function. For both PCP and Arm signaling we observed a broad range of phenotypes, but for every allele there is a strong correlation between its phenotypic strength in each pathway. Therefore, even though the PCP and Arm signaling pathways are genetically distinct, the set of signaling defective fz alleles affected both to a similar extent. This suggests that fz controls these two different signaling activities by a common mechanism. In addition, this screen yielded a set of missense mutations that identify amino acids specifically required for fz signaling function.
Key Words: Drosophila, Frizzled, armadillo, polarity, wnt
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