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doi:10.1534/genetics.105.041632
A more recent version of this article appeared on September 1, 2005.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Tempos of gene locus deletions and duplications and their relationship to recombination rate during diploid and polyploid evolution in the Aegilops-Triticum alliance
Jan Dvorak 1* and Eduard D. Akhunov 1
1 University of California, Davis
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jdvorak{at}ucdavis.edu.
Submitted on February 4, 2005
Revised on March 11, 2005
Accepted on 10 May 2005
The divergence of the diploid ancestors of the wheat A and D genomes and the origin of polyploid wheat were estimated to have occurred about 2.7 and 0.36 million years ago, respectively. These time estimates and the characterization of recent evolutionary history of 3,159 gene loci were used to estimate the rates with which gene loci have been deleted and duplicated along chromosomes during the evolution of wheat diploid ancestors and during the evolution of polyploid wheat. During diploid evolution, the deletion rate was 2.1 x 10-3 per locus MY-1 for single-copy loci and 1.0 x 10-2 per locus MY-1 for loci in paralogous sets. Loci were duplicated with a rate of 2.9 x 10-3 per locus MY-1 during diploid evolution. During polyploid evolution, locus deletion and locus duplication rates were 1.8 x 10-2 and 1.8 x 10-3 per locus MY-1, respectively. Locus deletion and duplication rates correlated positively with the distance of a locus from the centromere (negatively with the distance from the telomere) and recombination rate during diploid evolution. The biological functions of deleted and duplicated loci were inferred in order to gain insight into the surprisingly high rate of deletions of loci present apparently only once in a genome. The significance of these findings for genome evolution at the diploid and polyploid level is discussed.
Key Words: Gene deletion, Gene duplication, Genome evolution, Polyploidy, Synteny
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