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doi:10.1534/genetics.104.034975
A more recent version of this article appeared on August 1, 2005.
REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS |
Neutral Evolution of the Non-binding Region of the Anthocyanin Regulatory Gene Ipmyb1 in Ipomoea
Shu-Mei Chang 1, Yingqing Lu 2 and Mark D Rausher 3*
1 University of Georgia
2 Institue of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
3 Duke University
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mrausher{at}duke.edu.
Submitted on August 12, 2004
Revised on November 24, 2004
Accepted on 18 April 2005
Plant transcription factors often contain domains that evolve very rapidly. Although it has been suggested that this rapid evolution may contribute substantially to phenotypic differentiation among species, this suggestion has seldom been tested explicitly. We tested the validity of this hypothesis by examining the rapidly evolving non-DNA-binding region of an R2R3-myb transcription factor that regulates anthocyanin expression in flowers of the genus Ipomoea. We first provide evidence that the W locus in I. purpurea, which determines whether flowers will be pigmented or white, corresponds to a myb gene segregating in southeastern U.S. populations for one functional allele and one non-functional allele. While the binding domain exhibits substantial selective constraint, the non-binding region evolves at an average Ka/Ks ratio of 0.74. This elevated rate of evolution is due to relaxed constraint rather than increased levels of positive selection. Despite this relaxed constraint, however, approximately 20-25 percent of the codons, randomly distributed throughout the non-binding region, are highly constrained, with the remainder evolving neutrally, indicating that the entire region performs important function(s). Our results provide little indication that rapid evolution in this regulatory gene is responsible for floral-color differences among Ipomoea species.
Key Words: Anthocyanin, myb gene, neutral evolution, regulatory evolution
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