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Estimating the number of ancestral lineages using a maximum-likelihoodmethod based on rejection sampling, pp. 1741–1757

Michael G. B. Blum and Noah A. Rosenberg

Did our ancestors mate with Neanderthals? Using an algorithmfor simulating genealogical trees conditional on a fixed numberof lineages at a given time in the past, the authors estimatethe number of ancestral human lineages at the time of potentialadmixture with Neanderthals. Making use of mitochondrial DNAdata, they conclude that the portion of the modern human genomeresulting from Neanderthal admixture is likely to be <5%.

Beneficial mutation–selection balance and the effect oflinkage on positive selection, pp. 1759–1798

Michael M. Desai and Daniel S. Fisher

Multiple beneficial mutations segregating in a population cancompete and interfere if they are linked. This "traffic" makesthe dynamics of adaptation in large populations look very differentfrom the simple picture of sequential selective sweeps. Thisarticle presents a framework for analyzing this accumulationof linked beneficial mutations and provides a new approach forstudying the dynamics of adaptation in large asexual populations.

A complex genetic interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana TOC1and CCA1/LHY in driving the circadian clock and in output regulation,pp. 1501–1510

Zhaojun Ding, Mark R. Doyle, Richard M. Amasino and Seth J.Davis

The CCA1, LHY, and TOC1 proteins are thought to make up themetronome of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock, whichdrives the plant's rhythms, including seasonal control of floweringand photomorphogenesis. The authors dissect this oscillatorand find that TOC1 regulates the floral transition through CCA1and LHY, while CCA1 and LHY function upstream of TOC1 to regulatea photomorphogenic process.

A Markov chain Monte Carlo approach for joint inference of populationstructure and inbreeding rates from multilocus genotype data,pp. 1635–1651

Hong Gao, Scott Williamson and Carlos D. Bustamante

Excess homozygosity is a signature of nonrandom mating. It canresult from selfing, inbreeding, assortative mating, and/orundetected population stratification. This article developsan extension of a popular Bayesian clustering approach to distinguishselfing/simultaneous inference of inbreeding rates and population-of-originclassification using multilocus genotypes.

The evolution of condition-dependent sex in the face of highcosts, pp. 1713–1727

Lilach Hadany and Sarah P. Otto

Many organisms have sex only when growth conditions are unfavorable.Alleles that mediate this can invade an asexual population evenwhen sex has a high cost. Such facultative sexual alleles spreadin the population because they escape from low fitness genotypesand become associated with genotypes of higher fitness, providinga satisfying model for the evolution and maintenance of facultativesex.

Functional analysis of maize RAD51 in meiosis and double-strandbreak repair, pp. 1469–1482

Jin Li, Lisa C. Harper, Inna Golubovskaya, C. Rachel Wang, DavidWeber, Robert B. Meeley, John McElver, Ben Bowen, W. ZacheusCande and Patrick S. Schnable

This article reports that RAD51 plays an important role in meioticchromosome pairing and synapsis in maize. The absence of RAD51results in defects in chromosome pairing and synapsis and increasedexchange between nonhomologous chromosomes. Thus, RAD51 functionsto increase the precision of homologous chromosome pairing.

A sensitized PiggyBac-based screen for regulators of bordercell migration in Drosophila, pp. 1579–1590

Juliette Mathieu, Hsin-Ho Sung, Céline Pugieux, Jan Soetaertand Pernille Rorth

Migration of border cells during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesisis a good model for cell migration in vivo. The authors identifygenes required for border cell migration. One of them, puckered,encodes a negative regulator of the Jun kinase (JNK) signalingpathway. It is unusual in that defects are observed only whensignaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase PVR is reduced.Further results suggest that JNK may counteract PVR signalingby antagonizing the caspase inhibitor DIAP1.

Ure2p function is enhanced by its prion domain in Saccharomycescerevisiae, pp. 1557–1565

Frank Shewmaker, Lori Mull, Toru Nakayashiki, Daniel C. Masisonand Reed B. Wickner

The Ure2 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates geneexpression in response to nitrogen availability. It can alsobecome a prion via its N-terminal asparagine-rich domain. Theprion domain was thought to be unnecessary for Ure2 function,but the authors of this article show that Ure2p function iscompromised by truncation of the prion domain, which may beinvolved in interaction with other components of the nitrogenregulation system.

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