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Genetics. Published Articles Ahead of Print: February 19, 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.054270

A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2006.
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REGULAR RESEARCH PAPERS

Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times

Yali Xue 1, Tatiana Zerjal 1, Weidong Bao 2, Suling Zhu 2, Qunfang Shu 2, Jiujin Xu 2, Ruofu Du 2, Songbin Fu 3, Pu Li 3, Matthew Hurles 1, Huanming Yang 2 and Chris Tyler-Smith 1*

1 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
2 Institute of Genetics, Beijing
3 Harbin Medical University

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cts{at}sanger.ac.uk.

Submitted on December 4, 2005
Revised on January 23, 2006
Accepted on 9 February 2006


  Abstract
The human population has increased greatly in size in the last 100,000 years, but the initial stimuli to growth, the times when expansion started, and their variation between different parts of the world are poorly understood. We have investigated male demography in East Asia, applying a Bayesian full-likelihood analysis to data from 988 men representing 27 populations from China, Mongolia, Korea and Japan typed with 45 binary and 16 STR markers from the Y chromosome. According to our analysis, the northern populations examined all started to expand in number between 34 (18-68) and 22 (12-39) thousand years ago (KYA), before the Last Glacial Maximum at 21-18 KYA, while the southern populations all started to expand between 18 (6-47) and 12 (1-45) KYA, but then grew faster. We suggest that the northern populations expanded earlier because they could exploit the abundant megafauna of the 'Mammoth Steppe', while the southern populations could only increase in number when a warmer and more stable climate led to more plentiful plant resources such as tubers.

Key Words: BATWING, East Asia, human Y chromosome polymorphism, population expansion




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