INTERCONVERSION OF YEAST CELL TYPES BY TRANSPOSABLE GENES

Amar J. S. Klar ¹

¹ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, P. O. Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. 11724

The a and cell types of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are controlled by alternate alleles of the mating-type locus (MAT), MATa and MAT. The cell types can be interconverted by switching alleles of MAT. The loci HMRa and HML, which are loosely linked to MAT, are involved in mating-type switching. Experimental evidence for their role in MAT interconversion is presented. As a result of switching, the homothallic and heterothallic strains containing the amber and ochre mutations within the HMRa locus yield corresponding amber and ochre mutant mata loci. Similarly, the hml mutant strain generates mat mutant alleles. That is, specific mutations from HMRa and HML are transmitted to MAT. A replica of the mating-type coding information originating from these loci is transposed to MAT, where it replaces the existing information. Furthermore, "Hawthorne deletions" in strains containing hmra-amber/ochre result in production of mata-amber/ochre alleles. Therefore, genetic information for MATa resides at HMRa. The switches occur in a defined set of clonally related cells. Thus, the efficient interconversion of yeast cell types is mediated by an unidirectional transfer of genetic information between nonallelic sites in a nonrandom and programmed fashion. The results are inconsistent with the "flip-flop" models, but satisfy a key prediction of the general controlling element and the specific cassette models proposed for mating-type interchange.

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