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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on June 29, 2009.
Genetics, Vol. 183, 207-218, September 2009, Copyright © 2009
doi:10.1534/genetics.109.104372
Placental and Embryonic Growth Restriction in Mice With Reduced Function Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Alleles
Jennifer Dackor*,
Kathleen M. Caron
and
David W. Threadgill*,
,1
* Department of Genetics and Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 and Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
1 Corresponding author: Department of Genetics, CB#7614, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.
E-mail: threadgill{at}ncsu.edu
Embryos lacking an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exhibit strain-specific defects in placental development that can result in mid-gestational embryonic lethality. To determine the level of EGFR signaling required for normal placental development, we characterized congenic strains homozygous for the hypomorphic Egfrwa2 allele or heterozygous for the antimorphic EgfrWa5 allele. Egfrwa2 homozygous embryos and placentas exhibit strain-dependent growth restriction at 15.5 days post-coitus while EgfrWa5 heterozygous placentas are only slightly reduced in size with no effect on embryonic growth. Egfrwa2 homozygous placentas have a reduced spongiotrophoblast layer in some strains, while spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen cells are almost completely absent in others. Our results demonstrate that more EGFR signaling occurs in EgfrWa5 heterozygotes than in Egfrwa2 homozygotes and suggest that Egfrwa2 homozygous embryos model EGFR-mediated intrauterine growth restriction in humans. We also consistently observed differences between strains in wild-type placenta and embryo size as well as in the cellular composition and expression of trophoblast cell subtype markers and propose that differential expression in the placenta of Glut3, a glucose transporter essential for normal embryonic growth, may contribute to strain-dependent differences in intrauterine growth restriction caused by reduced EGFR activity.
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