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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on May 27, 2009.
Genetics, Vol. 182, 1251-1262, August 2009, Copyright © 2009
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.098772
Map-Based Cloning of the Gene Associated With the Soybean Maturity Locus E3
Satoshi Watanabe*,
Rumiko Hideshima
,
Zhengjun Xia*,
Yasutaka Tsubokura*,
Shusei Sato
,
Yumi Nakamoto
,
Naoki Yamanaka**,
Ryoji Takahashi,
Masao Ishimoto,
Toyoaki Anai,
Satoshi Tabata and
Kyuya Harada*,1
* National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0812, Japan, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan, ** Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan and National Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
1 Corresponding author: Soybean Genome Research Team, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
E-mail: haradaq{at}affrc.go.jp
Photosensitivity plays an essential role in the response of plants to their changing environments throughout their life cycle. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], several associations between photosensitivity and maturity loci are known, but only limited information at the molecular level is available. The FT3 locus is one of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flowering time that corresponds to the maturity locus E3. To identify the gene responsible for this QTL, a map-based cloning strategy was undertaken. One phytochrome A gene (GmPhyA3) was considered a strong candidate for the FT3 locus. Allelism tests and gene sequence comparisons showed that alleles of Misuzudaizu (FT3/FT3; JP28856) and Harosoy (E3/E3; PI548573) were identical. The GmPhyA3 alleles of Moshidou Gong 503 (ft3/ft3; JP27603) and L62-667 (e3/e3; PI547716) showed weak or complete loss of function, respectively. High red/far-red (R/FR) long-day conditions enhanced the effects of the E3/FT3 alleles in various genetic backgrounds. Moreover, a mutant line harboring the nonfunctional GmPhyA3 flowered earlier than the original Bay (E3/E3; PI553043) under similar conditions. These results suggest that the variation in phytochrome A may contribute to the complex systems of soybean flowering response and geographic adaptation.
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