Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on May 11, 2009.

Genetics, Vol. 182, 839-844, July 2009, Copyright © 2009
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.093153

Linkage Disequilibrium Between Loci With Unknown Phase

* Department of Anthropology and {dagger} Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112

1 Corresponding author: Department of Anthropology, 270 S. 1400 E., University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.
E-mail: rogers{at}anthro.utah.edu

Linkage disequilibrium is often measured by two statistics, D and r, which can be interpreted as the covariance and the correlation between loci and across gametes. When data consist of diploid genotypes, however, gametes cannot be identified. A variety of iterative statistical methods are used in such cases, all of which assume random mating. Previous work has shown that D and r can be expressed as covariances and correlations across diploid genotypes, provided that mating is random. We show here that this result also holds approximately when mating is nonrandom. This provides a means of estimating these parameters without iteration and without assuming random mating. This estimator is nearly as accurate as the widely used EM estimator and is many times faster.




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