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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on February 9, 2009.
Genetics, Vol. 181, 1451-1465, April 2009, Copyright © 2009
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.099044
Duplication, Selection and Gene Conversion in a Drosophila mojavensis Female Reproductive Protein Family
Erin S. Kelleher*,
,1 and
Therese A. Markow*,
* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 and Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093
1 Corresponding author: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 403 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853.
E-mail: esk72{at}cornell.edu
Protein components of the Drosophila male ejaculate, several of which evolve rapidly, are critical modulators of reproductive success. Recent studies of female reproductive tract proteins indicate they also are extremely divergent between species, suggesting that reproductive molecules may coevolve between the sexes. Our current understanding of intersexual coevolution, however, is severely limited by the paucity of genetic and evolutionary studies on the female molecules involved. Physiological evidence of ejaculate–female coadaptation, paired with a promiscuous mating system, makes Drosophila mojavensis an exciting model system in which to study the evolution of reproductive proteins. Here we explore the evolutionary dynamics of a five-paralog gene family of female reproductive proteases within populations of D. mojavensis and throughout the repleta species group. We show that the proteins have experienced ongoing gene duplication and adaptive evolution and further exhibit dynamic patterns of pseudogenation, copy number variation, gene conversion, and selection within geographically isolated populations of D. mojavensis. The integration of these patterns in a single gene family has never before been documented in a reproductive protein.
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