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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on December 15, 2008.
Genetics, Vol. 181, 783-795, February 2009, Copyright © 2009
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.098996
A Genomewide Analysis of the Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Family in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Identifies SbCAD2 as the Brown midrib6 Gene
Ana Saballos*,
,1,
Gebisa Ejeta*,
Emiliano Sanchez
,
ChulHee Kang and
Wilfred Vermerris,
* Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, Genetics Institute and Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610 and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
1 Corresponding author: University of Florida Genetics Institute, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 1376 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610-3610.
E-mail: saballoa{at}ufl.edu
The content and composition of the plant cell wall polymer lignin affect plant fitness, carbon sequestration potential, and agro-industrial processing. These characteristics, are heavily influenced by the supply of hydroxycinnamyl alcohol precursors synthesized by the enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). In angiosperms, CAD is encoded by a multigene family consisting of members thought to have distinct roles in different stages of plant development. Due to the high sequence similarity among CAD genes, it has been challenging to identify and study the role of the individual genes without a genome sequence. Analysis of the recently released sorghum genome revealed the existence of 14 CAD-like genes at seven genomic locations. Comparisons with maize and rice revealed subtle differences in gene number, arrangement, and expression patterns. Sorghum CAD2 is the predominant CAD involved in lignification based on the phylogenetic relationship with CADs from other species and genetic evidence showing that a set of three allelic brown midrib (bmr) lignin mutants contained mutations in this gene. The impact of the mutations on the structure of the protein was assessed using molecular modeling based on X-ray crystallography data of the closely related Arabidopsis CAD5. The modeling revealed unique changes in structure consistent with the observed phenotypes of the mutants.
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Genetics 2009 181: NP.
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