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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on August 30, 2008.
Genetics, Vol. 180, 93-101, September 2008, Copyright © 2008
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.092403
A Novel Chimeric Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Gene From the Wild Relatives of Wheat Aegilops kotschyi and Ae. juvenalis: Evolution at the Glu-3 Loci
Xiaohui Li*,1,
Wujun Ma
,1,
Liyan Gao*,1,
Yanzhen Zhang*,
Aili Wang*,,
Kangmin Ji*,
Ke Wang*,
Rudi Appels and
Yueming Yan*,2
* Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 100037 Beijing, China and Western Australian Department of Agriculture and Food, State Agriculture Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
2 Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China.
E-mail: yanym{at}hotmail.com
Four LMW-m and one novel chimeric (between LMW-i and LMW-m types) low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes from Aegilops neglecta (UUMM), Ae. kotschyi (UUSS), and Ae. juvenalis (DDMMUU) were isolated and characterized. Sequence structures showed that the 4 LMW-m-type genes, assigned to the M genome of Ae. neglecta, displayed a high homology with those from hexaploid common wheat. The novel chimeric gene, designed as AjkLMW-i, was isolated from both Ae. kotschyi and Ae. juvenalis and shown to be located on the U genome. Phylogentic analysis demonstrated that it had higher identity to the LMW-m-type than the LMW-i-type genes. A total of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected among the 4 LMW-m genes, with 13 of these being nonsynonymous SNPs that resulted in amino acid substitutions in the deduced mature proteins. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that it had higher identity to the LMW-m-type than the LMW-i-type genes. The divergence time estimation showed that the M and D genomes were closely related and diverged at 5.42 million years ago (MYA) while the differentiation between the U and A genomes was 6.82 MYA. We propose that, in addition to homologous recombination, an illegitimate recombination event on the U genome may have occurred 6.38 MYA and resulted in the generation of the chimeric gene AjkLMW-i, which may be an important genetic mechanism for the origin and evolution of LMW-GS Glu-3 alleles as well as other prolamin genes.