Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on August 24, 2008.

Genetics, Vol. 180, 409-420, September 2008, Copyright © 2008
doi:10.1534/genetics.108.090126

The Evolution of Sex-Independent Transmission Ratio Distortion Involving Multiple Allelic Interactions at a Single Locus in Rice

* Plant Breeding Laboratory and {dagger} Laboratory of Cell Biology and Manipulation, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan

1 Corresponding author: Plant Breeding Laboratory, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan.
E-mail: ykoide{at}abs.agr.hokudai.ac.jp

Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) is frequently observed in inter- and intraspecific hybrids of plants, leading to a violation of Mendelian inheritance. Sex-independent TRD (siTRD) was detected in a hybrid between Asian cultivated rice and its wild ancestor. Here we examined how siTRD caused by an allelic interaction at a specific locus arose in Asian rice species. The siTRD is controlled by the S6 locus via a mechanism in which the S6 allele acts as a gamete eliminator, and both the male and female gametes possessing the opposite allele (Formula) are aborted only in heterozygotes (Formula). Fine mapping revealed that the S6 locus is located near the centromere of chromosome 6. Testcross experiments using near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying either the S6 or Formula alleles revealed that Asian rice strains frequently harbor an additional allele (Formula) the presence of which, in heterozygotic states (Formula and Formula), does not result in siTRD. A prominent reduction in the nucleotide diversity of S6 or Formula carriers relative to that of Formula carriers was detected in the chromosomal region. These results suggest that the two incompatible alleles (S6 and Formula) arose independently from Formula and established genetically discontinuous relationships between limited constituents of the Asian rice population.