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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on February 3, 2008.
Genetics, Vol. 178, 1831-1835, March 2008, Copyright © 2008
doi:10.1534/genetics.107.082032
Independent Effects of cis- and trans-regulatory Variation on Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster
Patricia J. Wittkopp*,
,1,
Belinda K. Haerum*, and
Andrew G. Clark
* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
1 Corresponding author: 1061 Kraus Natural Sciences Bldg., 830 N. University Ave., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048.
E-mail: wittkopp{at}umich.edu
Biochemical interactions between cis-regulatory DNA sequences and trans-regulatory gene products suggest that cis- and trans-acting polymorphisms may interact genetically. Here we present a strategy to test this hypothesis by comparing the relative cis-regulatory activity of two alleles in different genetic backgrounds. Of the eight genes surveyed in this study, five were affected by trans-acting variation that altered total transcript levels, two of which were also affected by differences in cis-regulation. The presence of trans-acting variation had no effect on relative cis-regulatory activity, showing that cis-regulatory polymorphisms can function independently of trans-regulatory variation. The frequency of such independent interactions on a genomic scale is yet to be determined.
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