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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on May 16, 2007.
Genetics, Vol. 176, 1469-1482, July 2007, Copyright © 2007
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.062604
Functional Analysis of Maize RAD51 in Meiosis and Double-Strand Break Repair
Jin Li*,
,1,
Lisa C. Harper
,
Inna Golubovskaya,
C. Rachel Wang,
David Weber
,
Robert B. Meeley**,
John McElver**,2,
Ben Bowen**,3,
W. Zacheus Cande and
Patrick S. Schnable*,,,,4
* Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, Interdepartmental Genetics Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720-3200, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, ** Pioneer Hi-Bred, Johnston, Iowa 50131, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 and Center for Plant Genomics, Iowa State Unversity, Ames, Iowa 50011
4 Corresponding author: Roy J. Carver Co-Lab Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011-3650.
E-mail: schnable{at}iastate.edu
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad51p plays a central role in homologous recombination and the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Double mutants of the two Zea mays L. (maize) rad51 homologs are viable and develop well under normal conditions, but are male sterile and have substantially reduced seed set. Light microscopic analyses of male meiosis in these plants reveal reduced homologous pairing, synapsis of nonhomologous chromosomes, reduced bivalents at diakinesis, numerous chromosome breaks at anaphase I, and that >33% of quartets carry cells that either lack an organized nucleolus or have two nucleoli. This indicates that RAD51 is required for efficient chromosome pairing and its absence results in nonhomologous pairing and synapsis. These phenotypes differ from those of an Arabidopsis rad51 mutant that exhibits completely disrupted chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. Unexpectedly, surviving female gametes produced by maize rad51 double mutants are euploid and exhibit near-normal rates of meiotic crossovers. The finding that maize rad51 double mutant embryos are extremely susceptible to radiation-induced DSBs demonstrates a conserved role for RAD51 in the repair of mitotic DSBs in plants, vertebrates, and yeast.
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