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Genetics, Vol. 176, 273-281, May 2007, Copyright © 2007
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.069914
Essential, Overlapping and Redundant Roles of the Drosophila Protein Phosphatase 1
and 1ß Genes
Jasmin Kirchner*,
Sascha Gross*,1,
Daimark Bennett* and
Luke Alphey*,
,2
* Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom and Oxitec, Oxford OX14 4RX, United Kingdom
2 Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.
E-mail: luke.alphey{at}zoo.ox.ac.uk
Protein serine/threonine phosphatase type 1 (PP1) has been found in all eukaryotes examined to date and is involved in the regulation of many cellular functions, including glycogen metabolism, muscle contraction, and mitosis. In Drosophila, four genes code for the catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1c), three of which belong to the PP1
subtype. PP1ß9C (flapwing) encodes the fourth PP1c gene and has a specific and nonredundant function as a nonmuscle myosin phosphatase. PP187B is the major form and contributes 
80% of the total PP1 activity. We describe the first mutant alleles of PP196A and show that PP196A is not an essential gene, but seems to have a function in the regulation of nonmuscle myosin. We show that overexpression of the PP1 isozymes does not rescue semilethal PP1ß9C mutants, whereas overexpression of either PP196A or PP1ß9C does rescue a lethal PP187B mutant combination, showing that the lethality is due to a quantitative reduction in the level of PP1c. Overexpression of PP1ß9C does not rescue a PP187B, PP196A double mutant, suggesting an essential PP1-specific function in Drosophila.
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