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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on November 16, 2006.
Genetics, Vol. 175, 289-299, January 2007, Copyright © 2007
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.062729
Multilevel Selection 2: Estimating the Genetic Parameters Determining Inheritance and Response to Selection
Piter Bijma*,
William M. Muir
,1,
Esther D. Ellen*,
Jason B. Wolf
and
Johan A. M. Van Arendonk*
* Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen University, 6709PG Wageningen, The Netherlands, Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1151 and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M12 9PT, United Kingdom
1 Corresponding author: Department of Animal Science, 1151 Lilly Hall, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1151.
E-mail: bmuir{at}purdue.edu
Interactions among individuals are universal, both in animals and in plants and in natural as well as domestic populations. Understanding the consequences of these interactions for the evolution of populations by either natural or artificial selection requires knowledge of the heritable components underlying them. Here we present statistical methodology to estimate the genetic parameters determining response to multilevel selection of traits affected by interactions among individuals in general populations. We apply these methods to obtain estimates of genetic parameters for survival days in a population of layer chickens with high mortality due to pecking behavior. We find that heritable variation is threefold greater than that obtained from classical analyses, meaning that two-thirds of the full heritable variation is hidden to classical analysis due to social interactions. As a consequence, predicted responses to multilevel selection applied to this population are threefold greater than classical predictions. This work, combined with the quantitative genetic theory for response to multilevel selection presented in an accompanying article in this issue, enables the design of selection programs to effectively reduce competitive interactions in livestock and plants and the prediction of the effects of social interactions on evolution in natural populations undergoing multilevel selection.
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Genetics 2007 175: NP.
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