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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on October 8, 2006.

Genetics, Vol. 174, 2021-2032, December 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.063628

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Duplication of Centromeric Histone H3 (HTR12) Gene in Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata, Plant Species With Multiple Centromeric Satellite Sequences

Akira Kawabe*,1, Shuhei Nasuda{dagger} and Deborah Charlesworth*

* Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom and {dagger} Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

1 Corresponding author: Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Bldgs., West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom. 
E-mail: akira.kawabe{at}ed.ac.uk

Arabidopsis halleri and lyrata have three different major centromeric satellite sequences, a unique finding for a diploid Arabidopsis species. Since centromeric histones coevolve with centromeric satellites, these proteins would be predicted to show signs of selection when new centromere satellites have recently arisen. We isolated centromeric protein genes from A. halleri and lyrata and found that one of them, HTR12 (CENP-A), is duplicated, while CENP-C is not. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the HTR12 duplication occurred after these species diverged from A. thaliana. Genetic mapping shows that HTR12 copy B has the same genomic location as the A. thaliana gene; the other copy (A, at the other end of the same chromosome) is probably the new copy. To test for selection since the duplication, we surveyed diversity at both HTR12 loci within A. lyrata. Overall, there is no strong evidence for an "evolutionary arms race" causing multiple replacement substitutions. The A. lyrata HTR12B sequences fall into three classes of haplotypes, apparently maintained for a long time, but they all encode the same amino acid sequence. In contrast, HTR12A has low diversity, but many variants are amino acid replacements, possibly due to independent selective sweeps within populations of the species.






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Copyright © 2006 by the Genetics Society of America.