Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on October 8, 2006.

Genetics, Vol. 174, 1493-1504, November 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.060756

Types and Rates of Sequence Evolution at the High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Locus in Hexaploid Wheat and Its Ancestral Genomes

* United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California 94710, {dagger} Laboratory of Genome Organization, Unité de Recherches en Génomique Végétale (URGV-INRA), 91057 Evry Cedex, France and {ddagger} UMR INRA-UBP ASP Amélioration et Santé des Plantes, 63039 Clermont Ferrand, France

1 Corresponding author: USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710. 
E-mail: ygu{at}pw.usda.gov

The Glu-1 locus, encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to Triticeae genomes. To understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous Glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. Comparing each Glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the D genome of diploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii, and the A and B genomes of tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum, revealed that, in addition to the conservation of microsynteny in the genic regions, sequences in the intergenic regions, composed of blocks of nested retroelements, are also generally conserved, although a few nonshared retroelements that differentiate the homologous Glu-1 regions were detected in each pair of the A and D genomes. Analysis of the indel frequency and the rate of nucleotide substitution, which represent the most frequent types of sequence changes in the Glu-1 regions, demonstrated that the two A genomes are significantly more divergent than the two B genomes, further supporting the hypothesis that hexaploid wheat may have more than one tetraploid ancestor.




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