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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on April 2, 2006.
Genetics, Vol. 173, 635-646, June 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.055160
Consequences of Defective Tubulin Folding on Heterodimer Levels, Mitosis and Spindle Morphology in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Soni Lacefield1, Margaret Magendantz and Frank Solomon2
Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, M.I.T., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
2 Corresponding author: Department of Biology, M.I.T. Center for Cancer Research, Bldg. E17, Room 220, Cambridge, MA 02139.
E-mail: solomon{at}mit.edu
In budding yeast, the essential roles of microtubules include segregating chromosomes and positioning the nucleus during mitosis. Defects in these functions can lead to aneuploidy and cell death. To ensure proper mitotic spindle and cytoplasmic microtubule formation, the cell must maintain appropriate stoichiometries of 
- and ß-tubulin, the basic subunits of microtubules. The experiments described here investigate the minimal levels of tubulin heterodimers needed for mitotic function. We have found a triple-mutant strain, pac10
plp1 yap4, which has only 20% of wild-type tubulin heterodimer levels due to synthesis and folding defects. The anaphase spindles in these cells are 
64% the length of wild-type spindles. The mutant cells are viable and accurately segregate chromosomes in mitosis, but they do have specific defects in mitosis such as abnormal nuclear positioning. The results establish that cells with 20% of wild-type levels of tubulin heterodimers can perform essential cellular functions with a short spindle, but require higher tubulin heterodimer concentrations to attain normal spindle length and prevent mitotic defects.
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