Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on April 19, 2006.

Genetics, Vol. 173, 1101-1113, June 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.057554

Numerous and Rapid Nonstochastic Modifications of Gene Products in Newly Synthesized Brassica napus Allotetraploids

Warren Albertin^*,1, Thierry Balliau^*, Philippe Brabant^*, Anne-Marie Chèvre, Frédérique Eber, Christian Malosse and Hervé Thiellement^*

^* UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA/CNRS/UPSud/INA P-G, La Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, UMR ENSAR-INRA, Station de Génétique Végétale et Amélioration des Plantes, 35650 Le Rheu, France and Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, INRA, 78026 Versailles, France

¹ Corresponding author: UMR de Génétique Végétale, INRA/CNRS/UPSud/INA P-G, La Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
E-mail: albertin{at}moulon.inra.fr

Polyploidization is a widespread process that results in the merger of two or more genomes in a common nucleus. To investigate modifications of gene expression occurring during allopolyploid formation, the Brassica napus allotetraploid model was chosen. Large-scale analyses of the proteome were conducted on two organs, the stem and root, so that >1600 polypeptides were screened. Comparative proteomics of synthetic B. napus and its homozygous diploid progenitors B. rapa and B. oleracea showed that very few proteins disappeared or appeared in the amphiploids (<1%), but a strikingly high number (25–38%) of polypeptides displayed quantitative nonadditive pattern. Nonstochastic gene expression repatterning was found since 99% of the detected variations were reproducible in four independently created amphiploids. More than 60% of proteins displayed a nonadditive pattern closer to the paternal parent B. rapa. Interspecific hybridization triggered the majority of the deviations (89%), whereas very few variations (3%) were associated with genome doubling and more significant alterations arose from selfing (9%). Some nonadditive proteins behaved similarly in both organs, while others exhibited contrasted behavior, showing rapid organ-specific regulation. B. napus formation was therefore correlated with immediate and directed nonadditive changes in gene expression, suggesting that the early steps of allopolyploidization repatterning are controlled by nonstochastic mechanisms.

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