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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on April 3, 2006.
Genetics, Vol. 173, 1047-1056, June 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.106.056259
Significant Expansion of Vicia pannonica Genome Size Mediated by Amplification of a Single Type of Giant Retroelement
Pavel Neumann*,
,
Andrea Koblí
ková*,
Alice Navrátilová* and
Ji
í Macas*,1
* Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, 
eské Bud
jovice 37005, Czech Republic and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
1 Corresponding author: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Brani
ovská 31, eské Budjovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic.
E-mail: macas{at}umbr.cas.cz
Amplification and eventual elimination of dispersed repeats, especially those of the retroelement origin, account for most of the profound size variability observed among plant genomes. In most higher plants investigated so far, differential accumulation of various families of elements contributes to these differences. Here we report the identification of giant Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons from the legume plant Vicia pannonica, which alone make up 
38% of the genome of this species. These retrotransposons have structural features of the Ogre elements previously identified in the genomes of pea and Medicago. These features include extreme size (25 kb), the presence of an extra ORF upstream of the gag–pol region, and a putative intron dividing the prot and rt coding sequences. The Ogre elements are evenly dispersed on V. pannonica chromosomes except for terminal regions containing satellite repeats, their individual copies show extraordinary sequence similarity, and at least part of them are transcriptionally active, which suggests their recent amplification. Similar elements were also detected in several other Vicia species but in most cases in significantly lower numbers. However, there was no obvious correlation of the abundance of Ogre sequences with the genome size of these species.
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