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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on December 30, 2005.
Genetics, Vol. 173, 189-196, May 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.051714
Genomewide Comparative Analysis of the Highly Abundant Transposable Element DINE-1 Suggests a Recent Transpositional Burst in Drosophila yakuba
Hsiao-Pei Yang1, Tzu-Ling Hung, Tzung-Lin You and Tzung-Han Yang
Faculty of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China
1 Corresponding author: Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
E-mail: hpyang{at}ym.edu.tw
DINE-1 (Drosophila interspersed element) is the most abundant repetitive sequence in the Drosophila genome derived from transposable elements. It comprises >1% of the Drosophila melanogaster genome (DMG) and is believed to be a relic from an ancient transpositional burst that occurred 
5–10 MYA. We performed a genomewide comparison of the abundance, sequence variation, and chromosomal distribution of DINE-1 in D. melanogaster and D. yakuba. Unlike the highly diverged copies in the DMG (pairwise distance 15%), DINE-1's in the Drosophila yakuba genome (DYG) have diverged by only 3.4%. Moreover, the chromosomal distribution of DINE-1 in the two species is very different, with a significant number of euchromatic insertions found only in D. yakuba. We propose that these different patterns are caused by a second transpositional burst of DINE-1's in the D. yakuba genome 1.5 MYA. On the basis of the sequence of these recently transposed copies, we conclude that DINE-1 is likely to be a family of nonautomomous DNA transposons. Analysis of the chromosomal distribution of two age groups of DINE-1's in D. yakuba indicates that (1) there is a negative correlation between recombination rates and the density of DINE-1's and (2) younger copies are more evenly distributed in the chromosome arms, while older copies are mostly located near the centromere regions. Our results fit the predictions of a selection–transposition balance model. Our data on whole-genome comparison of a highly abundant TE among Drosophila sibling species demonstrate the unexpectedly dynamic nature of TE activity in different host genomes.
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