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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on February 1, 2006.
Genetics, Vol. 172, 2491-2499, April 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.051185
Tracing Nonlegume Orthologs of Legume Genes Required for Nodulation and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses
Hongyan Zhu*,1,
Brendan K. Riely
,
Nicole J. Burns
and
Jean-Michel Ané
* Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
1 Corresponding author: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 230 KTRDC Bldg., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0236.
E-mail: hzhu4{at}uky.edu
Most land plants can form a root symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi for assimilation of inorganic phosphate from the soil. In contrast, the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis is almost completely restricted to the legumes. The finding that the two symbioses share common signaling components in legumes suggests that the evolutionarily younger nitrogen-fixing symbiosis has recruited functions from the more ancient AM symbiosis. The recent advances in cloning of the genes required for nodulation and AM symbioses from the two model legumes, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, provide a unique opportunity to address biological questions pertaining to the evolution of root symbioses in plants. Here, we report that nearly all cloned legume genes required for nodulation and AM symbioses have their putative orthologs in nonlegumes. The orthologous relationship can be clearly defined on the basis of both sequence similarity and microsyntenic relationship. The results presented here serve as a prelude to the comparative analysis of orthologous gene function between legumes and nonlegumes and facilitate our understanding of how gene functions and signaling pathways have evolved to generate species- or family-specific phenotypes.
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