- THIS ARTICLE
- Full Text
- Full Text (PDF)
- Supplemental Data
-
All Versions of this Article:
genetics.105.052910v1
172/4/2421 most recent - Alert me when this article is cited
- Alert me if a correction is posted
- SERVICES
- Similar articles in this journal
- Similar articles in PubMed
- Alert me to new issues of the journal
- Download to citation manager
- Reprints & Permissions
- CITING ARTICLES
- Citing Articles via HighWire
- Citing Articles via Google Scholar
- GOOGLE SCHOLAR
- Articles by Kaneko, S.
- Articles by Satta, Y.
- Search for Related Content
- PUBMED
- PubMed Citation
- Articles by Kaneko, S.
- Articles by Satta, Y.
Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on January 16, 2006.
Genetics, Vol. 172, 2421-2429, April 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.052910
Origin and Evolution of Processed Pseudogenes That Stabilize Functional Makorin1 mRNAs in Mice, Primates and Other Mammals
Satoko Kaneko*,
Ikuko Aki*,
Kaoru Tsuda
,
Kazuyuki Mekada,
Kazuo Moriwaki,
Naoyuki Takahata* and
Yoko Satta*,1
* Department of Biosystems Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan and BioResource Center, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
1 Corresponding author: Department of Biosystems Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan.
E-mail: satta{at}soken.ac.jp
We investigate the origin and evolution of a mouse processed pseudogene, Makorin1-p1, whose transcripts stabilize functional Makorin1 mRNAs. It is shown that Makorin1-p1 originated almost immediately before the musculus and cervicolor species groups diverged from each other some 4 million years ago and that the Makorin1-p1 orthologs in various Mus species are transcribed. However, Mus caroli in the cervicolor species group expresses not only Makorin1-p1, but also another older Makorin1-derived processed pseudogene, demonstrating the rapid generation and turnover in subgenus Mus. Under this circumstance, transcribed processed pseudogenes (TPPs) of Makorin1 evolved in a strictly neutral fashion even with an enhanced substitution rate at CpG dinucleotide sites. Next, we extend our analyses to rats and other mammals. It is shown that although these species also possess their own Makorin1-derived TPPs, they occur rather infrequently in simian primates. Under this circumstance, it is hypothesized that already existing TPPs must be prevented from accumulating detrimental mutations by negative selection. This hypothesis is substantiated by the presence of two rather old TPPs, MKRNP1 and MKRN4, in humans and New World monkeys. The evolutionary rate and pattern of Makorin1-derived processed pseudogenes depend heavily on how frequently they are disseminated in the genome.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  T. A. Gray, A. Wilson, P. J. Fortin, and R. D. Nicholls The putatively functional Mkrn1-p1 pseudogene is neither expressed nor imprinted, nor does it regulate its source gene in trans PNAS, August 8, 2006; 103(32): 12039 - 12044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|