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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on February 1, 2006.
Genetics, Vol. 172, 2359-2365, April 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.050781
Dynamics of Gene Introgression in the African Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae
Daibin Zhong*,1,
Emmanuel A. Temu
,
Tom Guda
,
Louis Gouagna,
David Menge*,
Aditi Pai,
John Githure,
John C. Beier
and
Guiyun Yan*
* Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, Mbita Point Field and Training Station, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33177
1 Corresponding author: Program in Public Health, 3501 Hewitt Hall, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697.
E-mail: dzhong{at}uci.edu
Anopheles gambiae is a major malaria vector in Africa and a popular model species for a variety of ecological, evolutionary, and genetic studies on vector control. Genetic manipulation of mosquito vectorial capacity is a promising new weapon for the control of malaria. However, the release of exotic transgenic mosquitoes will bring in novel alleles in addition to the parasite-inhibiting genes, which may have unknown effects on the local population. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methodologies that can be used to evaluate the spread rate of introduced genes in A. gambiae. In this study, the effects and dynamics of genetic introgression between two geographically distinct A. gambiae populations from western Kenya (Mbita) and eastern Tanzania (Ifakara) were investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellite markers. Microsatellites and polymorphic cDNA markers revealed a large genetic differentiation between the two populations (average FST = 0.093, P < 0.001). When the two strains were crossed in random mating between the two populations, significant differences in the rate of genetic introgression were found in the mixed populations. Allele frequencies of 18 AFLP markers (64.3%) for Mbita and of 26 markers (92.9%) for Ifakara varied significantly from F5 to F20. This study provides basic information on how a mosquito release program would alter the genetic makeup of natural populations, which is critical for pilot field testing and ecological risk evaluation of transgenic mosquitoes.
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