Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on December 15, 2005.

Genetics, Vol. 172, 1829-1844, March 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.051227

Pleiotropic Quantitative Trait Loci Contribute to Population Divergence in Traits Associated With Life-History Variation in Mimulus guttatus

* Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 and {dagger} Syngenta Biotechnology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2257

1 Corresponding author: Department of Genetics, Box 7614, 100 Derieux Pl., North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7614.
E-mail: mchall{at}ncsu.edu

Evolutionary biologists seek to understand the genetic basis for multivariate phenotypic divergence. We constructed an F2 mapping population (N = 539) between two distinct populations of Mimulus guttatus. We measured 20 floral, vegetative, and life-history characters on parents and F1 and F2 hybrids in a common garden experiment. We employed multitrait composite interval mapping to determine the number, effect, and degree of pleiotropy in quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting divergence in floral, vegetative, and life-history characters. We detected 16 QTL affecting floral traits; 7 affecting vegetative traits; and 5 affecting selected floral, vegetative, and life-history traits. Floral and vegetative traits are clearly polygenic. We detected a few major QTL, with all remaining QTL of small effect. Most detected QTL are pleiotropic, implying that the evolutionary shift between these annual and perennial populations is constrained. We also compared the genetic architecture controlling floral trait divergence both within (our intraspecific study) and between species, on the basis of a previously published analysis of M. guttatus and M. nasutus. Eleven of our 16 floral QTL map to approximately the same location in the interspecific map based on shared, collinear markers, implying that there may be a shared genetic basis for floral divergence within and among species of Mimulus.




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