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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on November 19, 2005.
Genetics, Vol. 172, 1397-1410, March 2006, Copyright © 2006
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.050542
Transposon Insertions of magellan-4 That Impair Social Gliding Motility in Myxococcus xanthus
Philip Youderian* and
Patricia L. Hartzell
,1
* Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 83843-3052 and Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3052
1 Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, 142 Life Science S., Moscow, ID 83844-3052.
E-mail: hartzell{at}uidaho.edu
Myxococcus xanthus has two different mechanisms of motility, adventurous (A) motility, which permits individual cells to glide over solid surfaces, and social (S) motility, which permits groups of cells to glide. To identify the genes involved in S-gliding motility, we mutagenized a 
aglU (A–) strain with the defective transposon, magellan-4, and screened for S– mutants that form nonmotile colonies. Sequence analysis of the sites of the magellan-4 insertions in these mutants and the alignment of these sites with the M. xanthus genome sequence show that two-thirds of these insertions lie within 27 of the 37 nonessential genes known to be required for social motility, including those necessary for the biogenesis of type IV pili, exopolysaccharide, and lipopolysaccharide. The remaining insertions also identify 31 new, nonessential genes predicted to encode both structural and regulatory determinants of S motility. These include three tetratricopeptide repeat proteins, several regulators of transcription that may control the expression of genes involved in pilus extension and retraction, and additional enzymes involved in polysaccharide metabolism. Three insertions that abolish S motility lie within genes predicted to encode glycolytic enzymes, suggesting that the signal for pilus retraction may be a simple product of exopolysaccharide catabolism.
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