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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on September 2, 2005.
Genetics, Vol. 171, 1999-2012, December 2005, Copyright © 2005
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.046623
Ac-Immobilized, a Stable Source of Activator Transposase That Mediates Sporophytic and Gametophytic Excision of Dissociation Elements in Maize
Liza J. Conrad* and
Thomas P. Brutnell
,1
* Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 and Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
1 Corresponding author: Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, 1 Tower Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853.
E-mail: tpb8{at}cornell.edu
We have identified and characterized a novel Activator (Ac) element that is incapable of excision yet contributes to the canonical negative dosage effect of Ac. Cloning and sequence analysis of this immobilized Ac (Ac-im) revealed that it is identical to Ac with the exception of a 10-bp deletion of sequences at the left end of the element. In screens of 
6800 seeds, no germinal transpositions of Ac-im were detected. Importantly, Ac-im catalyzes germinal excisions of a Ds element resident at the r1 locus resulting in the recovery of independent transposed Ds insertions in 4.5% of progeny kernels. Many of these transposition events occur during gametophytic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ac-im transactivates multiple Ds insertions in somatic tissues including those in reporter alleles at bronze1, anthocyaninless1, and anthocyaninless2. We propose a model for the generation of Ac-im as an aberrant transposition event that failed to generate an 8-bp target site duplication and resulted in the deletion of Ac end sequences. We also discuss the utility of Ac-im in two-component Ac/Ds gene-tagging programs in maize.
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