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Originally published as Genetics Published Articles Ahead of Print on September 2, 2005.
Genetics, Vol. 171, 1875-1883, December 2005, Copyright © 2005
doi:10.1534/genetics.105.048819
Medaka Receptors for Somatolactin and Growth Hormone: Phylogenetic Paradox Among Fish Growth Hormone Receptors
Shoji Fukamachi*,1,2,
Takashi Yada
,1 and
Hiroshi Mitani*
* Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan and Freshwater Fisheries Research Division, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan
2 Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany.
E-mail: shoji.fukamachi{at}uni-konstanz.de
Somatolactin (SL) in fish belongs to the growth hormone/prolactin family. Its ortholog in tetrapods has not been identified and its function(s) remains largely unknown. The SL-deficient mutant of medaka (color interfere, ci) and an SL receptor (SLR) recently identified in salmon provide a fascinating field for investigating SL's function(s) in vivo. Here we isolated a medaka ortholog of the salmon SLR. The mRNA is transcribed in variable organs. Triglycerides and cholesterol contents in the ci are significantly higher than those in the wild type, providing the first evidence of SL's function in suppressing lipid accumulation to organs. Interestingly, phylogenetic comparisons between the medaka SLR and growth hormone receptor (GHR), which is also isolated in this study, in relation to GHRs of other fish, suggested that all GHRs reported from nonsalmonid species are, at least phylogenetically, SLRs. An extra intron inserted in medaka and pufferfish SLRs and flounder and sea bream GHRs also supports their orthologous relationship, but not with tetrapod GHRs. These results may indicate lineage-specific diversification of SLR and GHR functions among fish or just an inappropriate naming of these receptors. Further functional and comparative reassessments are necessary to address this question.
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